Stationary Equivalency of V2G - Brian Tarroja

Assessing the stationary energy storage equivalency of vehicle-to-grid charging battery electric vehicles

Summary

Tarroja et al. (2016) have conducted a study on key differences between V2G charging and stationary battery storage using California as an example. The study was concentrated on 3 aspects: renewable utilization, GHG emissions, and balancing fleet operation. There are 2 dispatching models: the grid dispatch model and EV charging dispatch model.

The study has found out that V2G has potential advantages in terms of renewable energy utilization and reducing GHG emissions but is less effective than stationary systems for grid balancing. The effectiveness of V2G also depends on the widespread availability of charging infrastructure.

Results

  1. Pros: V2G is more efficient in utilizing renewable energy sources and lead to reduced GHG emissions. It reduces the required capacity of stationary energy storage.
  2. Cons: V2G is not good at grid stability due to unpredictable customer travel patterns, and it highly depends on charging infrastructure.
  3. The benefits of V2G can be varied based on the policymakers’ aims.

Gaps

  1. This study was conducted in 2016, during which time the infrastructure was not well-prepared. In today’s study, we make sure both the infrastructure and the PEVs are compatible to smart charging or V2G.
  2. V2G is more difficult to implement compared with smart charging, and thus should be conducted after smart charging is proved to be accepted.
  3. This study is more theoretical than practical: the results are true assuming users’ full acceptance of V2G.
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References

Tarroja, Brian, Li Zhang, Van Wifvat, Brendan Shaffer, and Scott Samuelsen. 2016. “Assessing the Stationary Energy Storage Equivalency of Vehicle-to-Grid Charging Battery Electric Vehicles.” Energy 106 (July): 673–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2016.03.094.